The question of whether it is permissible to recite from the Mushaf (a physical copy of the Quran) during Salah (prayer) has different rulings based on Islamic jurisprudence. The views vary among the major Islamic schools of thought, with some considering it permissible under certain conditions and others viewing it as invalidating the prayer.
The Hanafi School’s Opinion
According to Imam Abu Hanifa, reciting verses from the Mushaf during prayer invalidates the Salah. The reason for this is that reading from a physical text is seen as an action outside the standard practice of prayer, which requires the recitation to come from memory. However, Imam Abu Yusuf and Imam Muhammad, two prominent students of Abu Hanifa (known as the “Imameyn”), have a slightly different view. They consider it makruh (disliked) but not invalidating. Thus, while it is discouraged, the prayer would still be valid if performed in this manner (Ibn Nujaym, Al-Bahr, 2/11).
The Shafi’i School’s Opinion
In the Shafi’i school of thought, it is generally permitted for a person to recite from the Mushaf during prayer without invalidating it. Even if the person reads Surah Al-Fatiha by looking directly at the Mushaf, the prayer is still considered valid. This is based on the view that reading from the Mushaf does not constitute an additional action that would nullify the prayer (Shirbini, Mughni al-Muhtaj, 1/353).
The Recommended Practice
Despite these differences, it is generally recommended and more cautious for a person to recite from memory during prayer. This approach minimizes distractions and adheres closely to the traditional practice of performing Salah.
In conclusion, while there is a difference of opinion among scholars regarding the permissibility of reciting from the Mushaf during prayer, the safest practice is to recite from memory whenever possible. This helps maintain the spiritual focus of the prayer and aligns with the standard teachings across most Islamic schools of thought.