How Were the Number of Rak’ahs and the Method of Prayer Established?

In Islam, the practice and structure of prayer are grounded in divine instruction and the example of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Worship acts, or ibadat, are considered tevkifi, meaning their reasons and precise methods are determined by revelation rather than human reasoning. This applies to all forms of worship in Islam, including prayer.

The Qur’an commands Muslims to perform prayer at specific times and mentions essential elements such as standing (qiyam), recitation (qiraat), bowing (ruku), and prostration (sujood) (Qur’an 4:103). However, the specific structure, including the number of rak’ahs (units of prayer) for each of the five daily prayers, is not detailed in the Qur’an. Instead, the detailed method was demonstrated by the Prophet Muhammad, whose practice serves as the complete guide for Muslims on how to perform these acts.

The Prophet famously said, “Pray as you have seen me praying” (Bukhari, Book of Adhan, 18 [631]). This directive emphasizes that the Prophet’s actions and method of prayer are to be followed exactly, serving as a practical and divine guide. Through his actions, the essential framework and nuances of prayer were established, allowing Muslims to observe prayer with both devotion and accuracy.

In summary, the framework and rules of prayer were outlined by the Qur’an, while the Prophet Muhammad’s teachings and practices provided the detailed guidance necessary to fulfill this core act of worship. This combination of revelation and Prophetic tradition has given Muslims the established form of prayer, including the number of rak’ahs and the sequence of movements, that continues to guide them today.

Leave a Reply